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Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus A son of the Varangian Grand Prince Vladimir the Great, he was vice-regent of Novgorod at the time of his father's death in 1015. Subsequently, his eldest surviving brother, Sviatopolk I of Kiev, killed three of his other brothers and seized power in Kiev. Yaroslav, with the active support of the Novgorodians and the help of Varangian mercenaries, defeated Svyatopolk and became the Grand Prince of Kiev in 1019. Under Yaroslav the codification of legal customs and princely enactments was begun, and this work served as the basis for a law code called the ''Russkaya Pravda'' ("Rus Truth ()"). During his lengthy reign, Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural flowering and military power.〔 ==Rise to the throne== (詳細はRogneda of Polotsk,〔''Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition'', Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Apr., 1929), 177.〕 although his actual age (as stated in the Primary Chronicle and corroborated by the examination of his skeleton in the 1930s) would place him among the youngest children of Vladimir. It has been suggested that he was a child begotten out of wedlock after Vladimir's divorce from Rogneda and marriage to Anna Porphyrogenita, or even that he was a child of Anna Porphyrogenita herself. Yaroslav figures prominently in the sagas under the name Jarisleif the Lame; his legendary lameness (probably resulting from an arrow wound) was corroborated by the scientists who examined his remains. In his youth, Yaroslav was sent by his father to rule the northern lands around Rostov but was transferred to Veliky Novgorod,〔''Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition'', Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, 178.〕 as befitted a senior heir to the throne, in 1010. While living there, he founded the town of Yaroslavl (literally, "Yaroslav's") on the Volga River. His relations with his father were apparently strained,〔 and grew only worse on the news that Vladimir bequeathed the Kievan throne to his younger son, Boris. In 1014 Yaroslav refused to pay tribute to Kiev and only Vladimir's death, in July 1015, prevented a war.〔 During the next four years Yaroslav waged a complicated and bloody war for Kiev against his half-brother Sviatopolk I of Kiev, who was supported by his father-in-law, Duke Bolesław I Chrobry of Poland.〔''Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition'', Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, 179.〕 During the course of this struggle, several other brothers (Boris, Gleb, and Svyatoslav) were brutally murdered.〔 The ''Primary Chronicle'' accused Svyatopolk of planning those murders,〔 while the saga ''Eymundar þáttr hrings'' is often interpreted as recounting the story of Boris' assassination by the Varangians in the service of Yaroslav. However, the victim's name is given there as ''Burizaf'', which is also a name of Boleslaus I in the Scandinavian sources. It is thus possible that the Saga tells the story of Yaroslav's struggle against Svyatopolk (whose troops were commanded by the Polish duke), and not against Boris. Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in their first battle, in 1016, and Svyatopolk fled to Poland.〔Kiev〔Novgorod. Yaroslav at last prevailed over Svyatopolk, and in 1019 firmly established his rule over Kiev.〔''Yaroslav the Wise in Norse Tradition'', Samuel Hazzard Cross, Speculum, 180.〕 One of his first actions as a grand prince was to confer on the loyal Novgorodians (who had helped him to gain the Kievan throne), numerous freedoms and privileges. Thus, the foundation of the Novgorod Republic was laid. For their part, the Novgorodians respected Yaroslav more than they did other Kievan princes; and the princely residence in their city, next to the marketplace (and where the ''veche'' often convened) was named Yaroslav's Court after him. It probably was during this period that Yaroslav promulgated the first code of laws in the lands of the East Slavs, the ''Russkaya Pravda''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yaroslav the Wise」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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